What are conditional statements in PHP?

Conditional statements are used to perform different actions based on different conditions. PHP supports several conditional statements like if, else, elseif, switch.

🔷 Types of Conditional Statements in PHP

Statement	Description
`if`	Executes if the condition is true
`if...else`	Executes one block if true, another if false
`if...elseif...else`	Multiple conditions
`switch`	Selects one of many blocks to execute

✅ 1. if Statement

Syntax:

if (condition) {
// code to execute if condition is true
}

Example:

PHP

<?php
$age = 20;
if ($age >= 18) {
  echo "You are an adult.";
}
?>

✅ 2. if…else Statement

Syntax:

if (condition) {
// code if true
} else {
// code if false
}

PHP

<?php
$age = 16;
if ($age >= 18) {
  echo "You can vote.";
} else {
  echo "You are too young to vote.";
}
?>

✅3. if…elseif…else Statement

Syntax: if (condition1) {
// code if condition1 is true
} elseif (condition2) {
// code if condition2 is true
} else {
// code if none are true
}

Example:

PHP

<?php
$marks = 85;

if ($marks >= 90) {
  echo "Grade: A";
} elseif ($marks >= 75) {
  echo "Grade: B";
} elseif ($marks >= 60) {
  echo "Grade: C";
} else {
  echo "Fail";
}
?>

✅ 4. switch Statement

Used to avoid long if...elseif chains.

Syntax: switch (expression) {
case value1:
// code
break;
case value2:
// code
break;
default:
// code
}