Data:

It is Defined as representation of facts (or Concepts) in Formalized Manner suitable for Communication, Interpretation or Processing by Human or Electronic Machine. Data is represented with the help of Character like Alphabets, Digits or Special Characters.

Data Items or Field:

A Set of Characters which are used together to represent a Specific Data Element is called Field. 

For Example: Name of a Student in a class is represented by Data item say Name.

Record:

Record is Collection of related data item.

For Example: Class Record contains field Roll No., Name, Marks.

File:

File is Collection of Related Records.

For Example: Student File consists of Student Information.

Information:

The Data that has been converted (or Processes) into a more useful form is termed as information.

For Example: Roll No. and Marks obtained by Students is data whereas the Marksheet is Information.

Data Processing:

It is the process to make the Raw Data useful for Future Decision or Actions. The Processing of data to obtain information is known as Data Processing.