Limitation of Firewall:

Firewalls are essential components of network security, but they do have limitations:

1. Cannot Prevent All Attacks: While firewalls can filter and block many types of malicious traffic, they cannot prevent all cyberattacks. Sophisticated attacks, such as zero-day exploits or social engineering attacks, may bypass firewall protections.

2. Limited Visibility: Firewalls primarily focus on network traffic passing through designated points, which means they may have limited visibility into encrypted traffic or traffic within encrypted tunnels, such as SSL/TLS-encrypted traffic or VPN traffic.

3. Cannot Detect Insider Threats: Firewalls are designed to protect against external threats, but they are less effective at detecting and preventing insider threats—attacks initiated by authorized users or devices within the network.

4. Complex Application-Layer Attacks: Traditional firewalls may struggle to detect and mitigate complex application-layer attacks, such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS), which require deep packet inspection and application awareness.

5. Performance Impact: Intensive firewall rule sets and deep packet inspection can impose a performance overhead on network traffic, potentially impacting network throughput and latency.

6. False Positives and Negatives: Overly restrictive firewall configurations can lead to false positives, blocking legitimate traffic, while overly permissive configurations can result in false negatives, allowing malicious traffic to pass through undetected.

7. Single Point of Failure: Firewalls act as single points of failure in network architecture. If a firewall malfunctions or becomes overwhelmed by traffic, it can disrupt network connectivity for all devices behind it.

8. Limited Protection for Remote Users: Traditional firewalls primarily protect perimeter networks, so remote users accessing the network from external locations may not benefit from firewall protection.