Categories of Disaster:

There are following two types of disaster:

• Natural Disaster
• Man-Made Disaster

1. Natural Disaster:

Natural disasters are events caused by natural processes or phenomena that result in significant damage, destruction, or disruption to human lives, property, and the environment.

1. Earthquake: An earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth’s surface. This movement releases energy in the form of seismic waves, which can result in significant damage to buildings, infrastructure, and landscapes.
2. Tornado: A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground. It appears as a funnel-shaped cloud and is capable of causing significant damage along its path.
3. Flood: Floods are natural disasters where water covers land that is usually dry. They can be caused by heavy rain, melting snow, storms, or overflowing rivers and oceans. Floods can cause damage to homes, buildings, and infrastructure, as well as disrupt transportation and affect crops. They also pose risks to human and animal safety. Prevention measures include building flood barriers and improving drainage systems, while preparedness involves having evacuation plans and emergency supplies ready. After a flood, response efforts focus on rescuing people, providing aid, and restoring affected areas.
4. volcanic: A volcanic eruption occurs when molten rock, gases, and ash are expelled from a volcano’s vent or fissure onto the Earth’s surface or into the atmosphere. This expulsion of materials can lead to various volcanic phenomena, including lava flows, ash clouds, pyroclastic flows, and volcanic gases. Volcanic eruptions can vary widely in intensity and duration, ranging from relatively minor events to cataclysmic explosions. They are a natural geological process driven by the movement and interaction of tectonic plates beneath the Earth’s surface.
5. Lightening: Lightning is a sudden and powerful electrical discharge that occurs during thunderstorms. It happens when charged particles within a cloud separate and create a rapid flow of electricity, resulting in a bright flash of light. Lightning bolts can travel between clouds or from clouds to the ground, and they can cause fires, damage, and injuries.
6. Water Damage: Water damage refers to harm caused by water intruding into buildings or structures, resulting in various forms of destruction. It can occur due to flooding, leaks from plumbing or appliances, or natural disasters like storms. Water damage can lead to structural issues, mold growth, damage to belongings, and health hazards. Restoration efforts typically involve removing excess water, drying affected areas, repairing damage, and preventing future occurrences.

2. Man-Made Disaster:

Man-made disasters result from human actions or negligence, causing significant harm or damage.

• Types:
  1. Industrial Accidents: Chemical spills, explosions, and fires at factories or industrial facilities.
  2. Technological Failures: Nuclear accidents, dam failures, or infrastructure collapses.
  3. Transportation Incidents: Plane crashes, train derailments, or shipwrecks.
  4. Environmental Pollution: Water contamination, air pollution, or soil degradation.
  5. Terrorism: Attacks targeting civilians, infrastructure, or public spaces.