Logical operators in C are used to perform logical operations on Boolean values (true or false). There are three main logical operators: AND (&&), OR (||), and NOT (!). Here’s a detailed explanation along with examples and output for each logical operator:

1. Logical AND (&&):

Definition:

The logical AND operator (&&) returns true if both of its operands are true; otherwise, it returns false.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a = 1, b = 0;

int result = (a && b);

printf(“(%d && %d) evaluates to %dn”, a, b, result);

return 0;
}

Output:

(1 && 0) evaluates to 0

2. Logical OR (||):

Definition:

The logical OR operator (||) returns true if at least one of its operands is true; otherwise, it returns false.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a = 1, b = 0;

int result = (a || b);

printf(“(%d || %d) evaluates to %dn”, a, b, result);

return 0;
}

Output:

(1 || 0) evaluates to 1
.

3. Logical NOT (!):

Definition:

The logical NOT operator (!) returns true if its operand is false, and false if its operand is true. It negates the given Boolean value.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a = 1;

int result = !a;

printf(“!(%d) evaluates to %dn”, a, result);

return 0;
}

Output:

!(1) evaluates to 0

Compound Logical Expressions:

Definition:

Logical operators can be combined to form more complex logical expressions.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a = 1, b = 0, c = 1;

int result = (a && b) || c;

printf(“(%d && %d) || %d evaluates to %dn”, a, b, c, result);

return 0;
}

Output:

(1 && 0) || 1 evaluates to 1

These logical operators are fundamental for creating conditional statements and controlling the flow of a program based on conditions. Understanding how logical operators work is essential for writing effective and correct C programs.